《植物生理学报》 2011, 47(5): 421-426

短柄草与麦类作物的比较基因组学研究进展

周江鸿, 赵素珍, 漆小泉∗

中国科学院植物研究所, 中国科学院光合作用与环境分子生理学重点实验室, 北京100093

通信作者：漆小泉；E-mail: xqi@ibcas.ac.cn；Tel: 010-62836671

摘　要：

麦类作物是人类主要的食物来源, 其遗传改良对于保障世界粮食生产具有重要作用。获得麦类作物的基因组和功能 基因组信息是作物遗传育种学家解析种质资源高产及抗逆机理, 并准确选择目标性状、实现分子设计育种目标的有效途径。目前, 二穗短柄草(Brachypodium distachyum)是早熟禾亚科中唯一完成全基因组测序的植物。以二穗短柄草为模式植物, 利用比较基因组学方法获得早熟禾亚科中基因组庞大而复杂的麦类作物的相关信息, 必将加速麦类作物的遗传改良进程。本文重点介绍近十年来短柄草在麦类作物比较基因组学方面的研究进展。

关键词：二穗短柄草; 麦类作物; 模式植物; 比较基因组学

收稿：2011-03-29   修定：2011-04-15

资助：国家自然科学基金(30700518)。

Recent Progresses in Comparative Genomics of Brachypodium and Triticeae Crops

ZHOU Jiang-Hong, ZHAO Su-Zhen, QI Xiao-Quan*

Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

Corresponding author: QI Xiao-Quan; E-mail: xqi@ibcas.ac.cn; Tel: 010-62836671

Abstract:

Triticeae crops are the most important sources of human food, and their improvement is centrally important for meeting the challenges of world food security. Genomics and functional genomics resources are indispensable for geneticists and breeders to understanding the mechanisms of high yield and how biotic and abiotic environments influence yield. Brachypodium distachyon is the first member of the Pooideae subfamily to be sequenced. Comparison of the Brachypodium genome with those of the Triticeae crops such as wheat, barley and oats, provides an opportunity to navigate their large and complex genomes and accelerate their genetic improvement. This review will focus on the recent progresses in the comparative genomics of Brachypodium and Triticeae crops.

Key words: Brachypodium distachyon; Triticeae crops; model plant; comparative genomics